Exposure to sulfur oxide in the ambient air has been associated with reduced lung function, increase incidence of respiratory symptoms, diseases, irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, and is sometimes fatal.

Children, the elderly, and those already suffering from respiratory ailments, such as asthmatics, are especially at risk.  Sulfur oxide dissolves in the watery fluids of the upper respiratory system and absorbed into the bloodstream. Sulfur oxide can also be carried deep into the pulmonary system. 

Sulfur oxide emissions may cause adverse impacts to vegetation, including forests and agricultural crops. The plants lose their foliage and become less productive, or die prematurely. Some species are much more sensitive to exposure than others.